(A) Pan troglodytes, chimpanzee, modern (B) Australopithecus africanus, 2.6 My (C) Australopithecus africanus, 2.5 My (D) Homo habilis, 1.9 My (E) Homo habilis, 1.8 My (F) Homo rudolfensis, 1.8 My (G) Homo erectus, 1.75 My (H) Homo ergaster (early H. Human Phylogeny From Wood (2010) Homo Paranthropus Australopithecus Ardipithecus Sahelanthropus Orrorin They ranged though Africa Gracile and robust lines Pliocene relatively warm Data from NASA, USGS, NOAA Pliocene Epoch 5.3-2.5 MYA Epoch of bipedal ape radiation. Proconsul Likely a sister to the apes with a mix of ape-monkey characters 14-23 MYA Africaĭryopithecus Early ape 15-9 MYA Africa, EurasiaĪrdipithecus Africa Brain ~300-350cc 120 (f) cm tall 50 (f) kg ~6.0 – 4.2 MYA Miocene Epoch 23-5.3 MYA Epoch of ape radiation (>100 species of apes in the latter part of the Miocene) They ranged though Africa, Europe, and Asia The end of the Miocene saw the separation between the African Apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas) and the Hominin Apes Africa moved northward and formed the Mediterranean Sea, which dried out multiple times. Reduced dentition Image from Anthropological Curiosities.įeatures that distinguish the Hominins from other apes Vocal Communication –Lower larynx –Fox P2 gene Tales of the Lice Human head louse vs chimp louse (how long ago we diverged) ~6-7MYA Human head louse vs human body louse (how long ago we began to wear clothes) ~50-100KYA Human pubic louse vs gorilla body louse (how long ago we began to lose fur to patches of hair) ~3-4MYA Phylogeny of some living primates and their lice Also from Reed et al. Pair of lice lost or parasites regained: the evolutionary history of anthropoid primate lice. Hair loss and lice Summarized in Reed et al. Footprint from Laetoli, Tanzaniaįeatures that distinguish the Hominins from other living apes Neoteny –Nakedness –Large Brain Size –Reduced Dentition Bent-knee, bent- hip gait in sand (similar to walk of apes) C. Oldest evidence of bipedalism 70 footprints in volcanic ash dated to 3.6 MYA, Laetoli, Tanzania, discovered by a team led by Mary Leakey in 1978įootprint experiment (Raichlen et al.
44:70-105.īipedalism Freed the hands and allowed more manipulative capabilities Led to a higher thermoregulatory efficiency Widened feeding potential Reduced predation pressures Was more energetically efficient mode of locomotion
Origin of human bipedalism: The knuckle-walking hypothesis revisited. Living Asian Apes Gibbon (Hyalobates)Orangutan (Pongo)įeatures that distinguish the Hominins from other living apes Bipedal Locomotion Figure 1 from Richmond, B. It is therefore probable that Africa was formerly inhabited by extinct apes closely allied to the gorilla and chimpanzee: and as these two species are now man’s nearest allies, it is somewhat more probable that our early progenitors lived on the African continent than elsewhere. It is therefore probable that Africa was formerly inhabited by extinct apes closely allied to the gorilla and chimpanzee: and as."- Presentation transcript: Presentation on theme: "The Last Ape Standing.
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